Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a viral infection that affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms similar to those of the flu. Here’s what you need to know:
What is HMPV?
HMPV is a virus that was first identified in the Netherlands in 2001. It spreads through direct contact between people or when someone touches surfaces contaminated with it.
Symptoms
For most people, HMPV causes mild upper respiratory tract infections, including:
- Cough
- Fever
- Nasal congestion
In some cases, especially among young children and people with weakened immune systems, HMPV can cause more severe illness, such as:
- Wheezing
- Breathlessness
- Symptoms of croup (a condition that affects the voice box and windpipe)
Who is most vulnerable?
The very young, including children under two, are most vulnerable to HMPV, as well as those with weakened immune systems, including:
- The elderly
- People with advanced cancer
- Individuals with compromised immune systems
Seasonality
HMPV is most active during late winter and spring, which may be due to the fact that the virus survives better in cold temperatures and spreads more easily when people are indoors.
Global prevalence
Many countries in the northern hemisphere, including China, the US, and the UK, are experiencing an increased prevalence of HMPV. However, experts say this is likely a normal seasonal increase seen in winter.
Pandemic risk
Fears of a COVID-19-style pandemic are overblown, as HMPV is not a novel pathogen and has been around for decades. Most people have some degree of existing immunity due to previous exposure.
Precautions
To reduce the risk of infection, experts recommend:
- Wearing a mask in crowded places
- Avoiding crowds if you’re at higher risk of severe illness from respiratory virus infections
- Practicing good hand hygiene
- Getting the flu vaccine
Overall, while HMPV can cause significant illness in some individuals, it is not considered a pandemic threat at this time.